Discovered
only within the last fifty years, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen
derived free radicals found in both intra- and extracellular space. Common forms of ROS include superoxide anion (O2-), hydroxyl radical (OH-), andperoxide (O2-2), each classified as free radicals, due to the presence of an
extra unpaired electron carried in their outer shell, giving each species
paramagnetic tendencies.
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| Plasmalemmal Na/K-ATPase |
As metabolic by-products within normal physiological processes,
such as the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ROS highly reactive nature
arms them with the capability to damage surrounding cells-- irrespective of
cell type. Consequently, if the magnitude of derived ROS exceeds the host’s
capacity to detoxify the reactive intermediates--via antioxidants--then the
physiological system is said to be under oxidative stress. Read More>>>>>>>>>>>
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