Hypertension is a common but one of the most important health
problems, because it is a major risk factor for many CVDs. So it is very
important to prevent, diagnose early and treat hypertension and its
complications. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been reported to
be associated with hypertension and target organ damage for a long time.
RAAS, not only in the systemic circulation but also in the local organs and
tissues, has also been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis ofhypertension and CVDs. And there are lots of evidences that inhibitors of
ACE (ACEI) and antagonists of AngⅡ(ARBs) are effective for the
treatment of hypertension and related CVDs.
Interaction of AngⅡ with its receptors, AT1 and AT2,
plays the central role in the expressions of various biological functions of
RAAS in kidney, heart, endothelium, brain and other tissues, However,
multifunctional new components of RAAS have been identified such as various
fragments of angiotensin peptides, enzymes forming these angiotensin peptides,
and receptors of these peptides. These include Ang-(1-7), alamandin, Ang A,
Ang-(1-12), AngⅢ, AngⅣ, and Ang- (1-9) as angiotensin
peptides, and Mas (receptor for Ang-(1-7)), MrgD (receptor for alamandin),
AT4/IRAP (receptor for Ang Ⅳ) (pro)renin recptor (PRR, receptor
for prorenin and renin) as receptors, and ACE2 and many other enzymes.
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